Introduction: The present study was aimed at comparing the accuracy of cephalometric tracing in by the manual, semi-digital, and fully digital cephalometric tracing methods in orthodontics. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of orthodontics of a tertiary care government hospital with clearance from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Thirty lateral cephalograms were evaluated using three different method: Group I-Print of lateral cephalogram was traced manually on an acetate sheet. Group II-the digital images of cephalograms were traced on screen using the NNT (NewTom Image Viewer) software. Group III-digital images traced using Nemoceph™ software. Ten angular and eight linear variables were measured. Inter-group comparison was made using one-way ANOVA measure followed by post hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test. Results: Intra-class correlation coefficients showed acceptable agreement in all three groups, i.e., Group I (0.281), Group II (0.11), and Group III (0.056). The one-way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference between groups for two variables. i.e., “EL-Max” and “EL-Mand.” The difference was present between Groups I and II i.e., “EL-Max” (P < 0.000) and “EL-Mand” (P < 0.02) respectively. Conclusion: The present study found no significant difference between manual, semi-digital, and fully digital cephalometric tracing with good agreement among all variables except two linear variables, which were traced more accurately in semi-digital method. The preference of using on particular technique can be based on the availability, expertise, and ease of availability.

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Esthetics, phonetics mastication, and preservation of remaining alveolar bone are the goals of a prosthodontist while rehabilitating a patient with removable partial dentures (RPDs). Dental implants provide better retention, stability, and esthetics for partial dentures when compared to conventional tooth and tissue-supported partial dentures. They are predictable, meet the patient's expectations, and improve quality of life. Over the decades, there have been tremendous advancements in implant dentistry. This clinical report presents a case where the patient was rehabilitated with implant-supported RPDs in both maxillary and mandibular arches.

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Surgical-orthodontic management of hyper divergent skeletal Class III malocclusions is often confronted with clinical challenges. Overeruption of the maxillary second molars during longer presurgical orthodontic decompensation phase usually results in occlusal interferences which hinder the setting of desired postsurgical occlusion in preparation for model surgery. Here, a simple, yet effective interim modification of conventional Goshgarian-type transpalatal arch is proposed which can be effectively used to intrude over erupted molars during orthodontic treatment.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 is a rapidly progressing pandemic that has affected 12.3 million individuals while causing 5,54,061 deaths worldwide till date. In India, approx 7,94,000 individuals (including approximately 4,96,000 recovered patients) have been affected with approximately 21,604 deaths. The sheer extent of the disease makes it imperative to increase awareness among our professional peers regarding the nature of the disease and its transmissibility while formulating standard operating procedures to mitigate the same. The present article disseminates the evidence to date and is based on available literature, brief working experiences, and relevant recommendations that can be implemented at various dental centers and units at all levels.

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Background: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a condition with compromised immunity and dental foci can act as a potential source of infection. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to assess and compare the oral health among patients with alcoholic liver disease with healthy individuals and to determine an association between oral health and alcoholic liver disease. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study assessed 100 participants with ALD and 100 age and gender matched subjects. Demographic details, laboratory investigation results, medical, dental & family history, oral hygiene practices, information about tobacco and alcohol habits were collected. Caries, periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions and intervention urgency were assessed using WHO (2013) criteria. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. A p <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean age of participants in ALD and control groups were 43.71 ± 6.79 and 42.82 ± 6.23 years respectively. Caries experience (DMFT) was higher in ALD group (11.55±12.29) than comparison group (8.2±8.89) (p=0.001) giving an association with age of onset of alcohol abuse. Periodontal health was poor among ALD group with more teeth with gingival bleeding, shallow or deep pockets and loss of attachment giving an association between age of onset, duration of disease since diagnosed and MELD score. Among ALD group 7% had leukoplakia. Association was found between oral mucosal lesion and duration of disease since diagnosed and MELD score. Conclusion: Oral health was poor among ALD group than comparison group. Dental caries was associated with alcohol abuse and oral mucosal lesion was associated with alcoholic liver disease whereas periodontal disease was associated with alcohol abuse and alcoholic liver disease.

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Background: Developmental anomalies are frequently observed in the routine oral health examination. Only clinical examination without radiographic study tends to underestimate the prevalence of these anomalies. Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of occurrence of three commonly occurring dental anomalies (hypodontia, hyperdontia, and dental impaction) using orthopantomogram (OPG) in the young population seeking orthodontic treatment in Pune, Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included pretreatment OPGs and the dental records of patients in permanent dentition selected from the achieves of the patients coming for treatment at the Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Dental Surgery and Oral Health Sciences, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, from January 1, 2015, to December 1, 2018. These records were then evaluated and analyzed by a trained pediatric dentist for the occurrence of hypodontia, hyperdontia, and impacted teeth. One thousand and one hundred OPGs were examined and the data were recorded in MS Excel sheets and were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The most recorded developmental anomaly was hypodontia (11.6%), followed by impacted teeth (5.5%) and hyperdontia (1.1%). Statistically significant difference was noted in the distribution of hypodontia and impacted teeth between males and females (P < 0.001), whereas no statistically significant difference was noted in the distribution of hyperdontia between the males and females (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Dental anomalies can be commonly observed in OPG. Hypodontia and dental impaction were the most common dental anomalies observed in the present study. The early recognition of these dental anomalies is very important to offer preventive modality of management. The findings of the present study may be considered representative of the Maharastrian population. Multicentric studies with a larger sample size are recommended to be representative of the larger regions of the country.

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Dental sleep medicine (DSM) is an emerging subspecialty in dentistry. Many dentists are adopting it in clinical practice to screen for and treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The value of evidence-based medicine for OSA, oral appliance treatment, and good collaboration with sleep medicine physicians in sleep disorder care is important for all dentists who practice DSM. This article aims to assess the “hype” and “truth” in the arena of DSM from contemporary literature. DSM is a science with rapidly expanding body of information that is dynamically evolving and can challenge previously accepted concepts.

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Introduction: This study correlated ABO blood groups and crowding in the lower anterior region and also to find an interrelationship between ABO blood grouping system and sagittal relation of the jaws. Materials and Methods: The sample size consisted of 138 Maharashtrian patients (60 males and 78 females) age range from 12 to 30 years which were randomly selected. Each patient's records comprised: a lateral cephalometric head film, photographs, and dental casts as standard pretreatment records. Based on ANB angles, patients were divided into Group-1: ANB 1–3° (51 individuals with 27 males and 24 females), Group-2: ANB >3° (60 individuals with 24 males and 36 females), and Group-3: ANB <1° (27 individuals with 9 males and 18 females). These groups were further divided into five subgroups on the basis of lower incisor crowding. Results: The mean ± standard deviation of age in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 was 16.53 ± 2.43 years, 17.60 ± 3.73 years, and 18.67 ± 3.28 years, respectively. The gender distribution of cases studied did not differ significantly across three study groups. The distribution of median ANB did not differ significantly across various blood groups in the study group. The blood group distribution of cases studied did not differ significantly across three study groups. The distribution of Little's index differs significantly across perfect alignment and minimal irregularity as well as between minimal irregularity and moderate irregularity. The distribution of Little's index did not differ significantly between perfect alignment and moderate irregularity. Conclusions: The occurrence of blood group B+ was more in Class I and II skeletal patterns whereas in Class III skeletal pattern individuals have more prevalence of blood group A+. ABO blood groups and Little's Irregularity Index for crowding is found to be correlated between perfect alignment and minimal irregularity individuals as well as between minimal and moderate irregularity subjects.

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Aim: This cross sectional descriptive study aims at finding the sizes of preformed molar bands of five different companies to provide a reference data. Method: Assorted boxes of five different companies were selected randomly based on the easy availability of the brands in the market. The mesiodistal and labiolingual dimensions of the preformed bands were measured and the spreadsheet was created. Statistical evaluation was carried out. One way ANOVA was conducted which revealed overall inner area of bands of a particular size for all the five brands mentioned in the study was almost similar. Results: One way ANOVA was conducted which revealed overall inner area of bands of a particular size for all the five brands mentioned in the study was almost similar. Conclusions: A reference chart had been created for future compliance during banding procedures.

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Context: The postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery include pain, swelling and trismus, distal bone loss along with prolonged sensitivity due to root exposure or increased probing depth. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) appears to accelerate physiologic healing due to the development of effective neovascularization, accelerated wound closing with fast cicatricial tissue remodelling and reduced incidence of infectious events. The mechanism of action of PRF on pain and edema is not fully understood and it is possible that this effect could be a reflection of better and faster healing of the socket. Aim: The aim is to assess the influence of PRF on pain, edema, and wound healing of the socket after surgical extraction of mandibular third molars. Settings and Design: This randomized controlled study was conducted on 60 patients with bilateral impacted mandibular third molars, reporting to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Army Dental Centre (Research and Referral). Subjects and Methods: Surgical removal of the impacted mandibular molars of both sides was planned with a gap of 4 weeks between the two sides and appointments were given accordingly. Study side-Surgical extraction followed by placement of PRF in socket and closure and control side-Surgical extraction followed by closure. Statistical Analysis: Preoperative and postoperative measurement of visual analog scale scores for pain, edema, interincisal opening, and gray level histogram values of orthopantomograph was subjected to statistical analysis. The normality of data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to check mean differences. Results: We observed a reduction in pain and swelling with improvement in interincisal and greater reduction in pocket depth distal to the second molar on the PRF side. Soft-tissue healing index scores and gray level histogram values for the study side were higher compared to the control side. Conclusions: Further clinical studies to evaluate and assess the applications of PRF in maxillofacial surgery are needed.

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This case report aims to report a novel application of a prefabricated light-polymerizing plastic resin for the construction of cast partial denture (CPD) framework for the fabrication of a definitive obturator. Prefabricated light polymerizing plastic patterns have been introduced in dental labs and are used in the fabrication of CPD framework. This novel technique shows how it minimizes laboratory time and cost by removing some of the steps involved during metal-based definitive obturator fabrication. A case of maxillectomy was rehabilitated using light polymerizing plastic pattern for the fabrication of metal-based definitive obturator.

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Florid osseous dysplasia (FOD) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion that involves multiple quadrants of the jaws and is histopathologically characterized by the replacement of normal bone tissue by fibrous connective tissue which may contain a variable amount of bone and/or cementum like tissue. The lesion is usually asymptomatic and is mostly diagnosed with a chance finding on radiographic examination, and no treatment is necessary. However, a secondary infection may occur and cause complications in an existing FOD. We present a case of florid osseous dysplasia which was complicated by secondary infection from the adjacent tooth.

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Here, we report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a 51-year-old male patient with manifestations in the oral cavity, presenting as multiple ulcers and swelling. The other findings include the small lymphocytic lymphoma with extranodal involvement, distortion of facial symmetry, and cervical lymphadenopathy. A comprehensive evaluation by the dental clinician is crucial to identify the disease in its initial stage, for better prognosis and management. Early and prompt diagnosis of NHL by fine-needle aspiration cytology supplemented by immunocytochemistry may aid in early prevention of the disease with further investigations of biopsy and immunohistochemistry.

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Background: Different surgical techniques have been advocated for esthetic rehabilitation of deficient alveolar ridges with implant placement: Guided bone regeneration (GBR), Alveolar distraction osteogenesis, Onlay block graft (autogenous and allograft); However, autogenous block graft still provides with predictable outcome since being the gold standard for regeneration and augmentation. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare histomorphometrically the bone interphase of augmented site with and without GTR (guided bone regeneration) membrane before implant placement. Material and Methods: In this study, a total of 16 patients with missing incisor with Siberts Class 1 alveolar defects were selected, parasymphysial block graft were harvested and stabilized with miniscrews, DFDBA graft material around the block graft were placed, and 8 were covered with GTR resorbable membrane. Miniscrews were removed after 6 months. Bone core biopsy of interphase were retrieved by 2.9 mm diameter trephine bur and sent for histologic and histomorphometric analysis using histometry software. Results: Data were evaluated using paired sample t-test and Shapiro-Wilk test. Histological evidence of fibrous tissue interphase was observes in specimen without GTR group. Though there were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of amount of new bone 31.47 versus 30.6% (P = 0.5362), while there was a statistically significant difference in percentage of residual grafted material higher in non GTR augmented site (t value= 4.501 P = 0.0003) and marrow space in GTR group with statistical significance (t = 2.887 P = 0.0098). Conclusion: Only few studies have tested histomorphometrically to see the exact uptake of the augmented site, comparing interpositioning of fibrous tissue, newly formed bone at site, residual graft material and marrow space. It is most appropriate to use an evidenced-based approach when a treatment plan is being developed for bone augmentation cases. This study will add to the evidence of use of autogenous block graft with GTR membrane thus providing a connective tissue interphase free augmentation.

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Congenital or acquired ocular defects advocate the need for fabrication of ocular prosthesis to restore patients form and esthetics and also to boost the self-confidence of the patient. Solid ocular prosthesis maintains the shape of the remaining soft tissues in a healthy state. Larger defects require fabrication of hollow prosthesis which are lightweight, provides adequate support to adjacent tissues, protects the tissue bed, prevents laxity of eyelids thereby restricting drooping of lower eyelid. It also enables the treating clinician to utilize this hollow space for the incorporation of a lubricant, to prevent dryness of eyes and for the management of local symptoms. This article highlights a novel technique for the fabrication of a self-lubricating hollow ocular prosthesis.

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Objective: The aim of this technical note is to present a unique combination of orthognathic surgery which incorporates Wassmund technique and Lefort I osteotomy a part of surgery- first orthognathic approach (SFOA) in prognathic maxilla. Methods: Usually, the SFOA indications are minimally involved skeletal discrepancy and most often procedure is bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) for setback or Lefort I osteotomy with superior repositioning. The current report illustrated SFOA in case of gummy smiling with maxillary anteroposterior excess. We have used Lefort I osteotomy in conjunction with Wassmund procedure (incorporating our own modification) for setback of premaxilla in SFOA. Results: The gummy smile was reduced from 9 mm to 3 mm with excellent occlusion in one surgery with improved psychological benefit to the patient. Conclusion: In contrast to the limited skeletal abnormality as an indication of SFOA, the current report presentation reveals a unique technique for dealing with a large skeletal discrepancy with the combination of Lefort I osteotomy and Wassmund technique. A growing acceptance in surgical and orthodontic communities toward SFOA lead an increasing demand in the patients with wide range of skeletal deformity correction in a short period of time. The surgeons should not restrict his horizon to BSSRO or Lefort I osteotomy in SFOA. The comprehensive knowledge of different surgical technique can widened the extent of SFOA.

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Dermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth may be congenital or acquired. The congenital form originates from embryonic cells of the 1^st and 2^nd branchial arch. The acquired form may be due to traumatic or iatrogenic causes. Its occurrence is estimated to be from 1.6% to 6.9% of the dermoid cysts of the body in adults. They may be classified anatomically and histologically. Anatomically, based on the location while histologically, they are divided into epidermoid, dermoid cysts, and teratomas. Enucleation through intraoral and/or extraoral approach is the method of treatment. A case series of dermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth are presented in this article; and an evaluation with regard to pathology, clinical findings, and treatment is discussed.

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The present article focuses on minimum guidelines and criteria that can be applied to not only filter high-quality scholarly research from the “scholarly junk” but also provide insight regarding various policies and guidelines for conducting and subsequent reporting of scholarly manuscript. Before conducting the research and clinical studies, review of literature should be assessed from journals recognized by empowered national and international statutory bodies and societies. Second, relevant recommended guidelines as per the design of epidemiological study should be adhered when conducting till manuscript preparation. Once the manuscript is prepared, professional plagiarism detection software must be used to rule out any accidental similarity index and subsequent consequences. Finally, before submitting the manuscript and drawing conclusion out from published literature, ruling out dubious predatory junks should be carried out. The endeavor of the present article is to highlight the key information and references in regard to the above–mentioned guidelines as systematically as possible.

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A 69-year-old male, ex-serviceman from the defense research organization, reported to the dental outpatient department of a tertiary care center, with the chief complaint of inability in wearing of the lower dentures. General and systemic examinations were noncontributory. Intraoral examination revealed a firm, tender, pedunculated fibrotic growth measuring 3 cm × 2 cm located inferiorly and buccally to a titanium dental implant on the right aspect of the edentulous mandible, which was excised under local anesthesia, and guided bone regeneration was performed. The soft tissue overgrowth was subjected to flow cytometric analysis.

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Context: The removal of third molar is advised in patients whose occupation precludes ready access to oral health care; however, there is a lack of directly applicable clinical research. Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the outcomes of impacted third molar removal on oral health-related quality of life in these patients. Settings and Design: The prospective study included 178 armed forces personnel who underwent the extraction of symptomatic impacted third molars at Military Dental Center over a 1-year period. Subjects and Methods: Oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) was utilized to analyze the outcomes before surgery and on postsurgical days 1, 7, and 14. Prevalence, extent, and severity scores were calculated. Statistical Analysis Used: The comparison of severity outcomes was analyzed by means of Friedman's test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The present study revealed “painful aching in your mouth”, “uncomfortable to eat foods”, “diet been unsatisfactory,” “difficult to relax,” and “difficulty doing usual jobs” were reported “fairly often” or “very often” presurgery by 84%, 25%, 37%, 44%, and 17%, respectively. The median number of all 14 OHIP items reported “fairly often” or “very often” presurgery was 2 (IQ 1, 5.5). Prevalence, extent, and severity scores were the highest on postsurgical day 1 and decreased by postsurgical day 7 and 14. Comparison of severity outcomes revealed a statistically significant increase on postsurgical day 1 followed by significant reduction thereafter. Conclusions: Extraction of symptomatic impacted third molars significantly improve oral health-related quality of life in patients whose occupation dictate that they have to work in conditions isolated from expert treatment.

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